Zero-order correlations showed a positive correlation between TSTM and auditory attention, and memory of design of NEPSY-II and digit span of WISC-IV. Perseverative errors were reported in performing the square-sequence in the WalCT. Results: A higher impairment was observed in ADHD-C than TD with significant differences in the WalCT, in particular on the topographic short-term memory (TSTM) task, on the topographic learning (TL) task, and on the repetition number (RN) task during the TL task. The walking Corsi test (WalCT), a large-scale version of the Corsi block-tapping test, was used to assess topographic memory in experimental environment. All children performed Raven's colored progressive matrices (CPM) test to obtain a measure related with cognitive functioning. Method: Fifteen children (8–10 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD-C (DSM-5) (ADHD-C group) were compared to 15 children with typical development (TD group) of the same age. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show impairments in inhibitory control, regulation of attention, planning, and working memory.Īim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the topographic memory in children with ADHD-combined subtype (ADHD-C). It involves several different cognitive abilities, in particular executive functions (EF), such as attention, working memory, and planning. Though preliminary, these findings suggest that the reduced cortical volumes of left lateral STG may contribute to the pathogenesis of ADHD and correlate with WM in children with ADHD.īackground: Topographic memory is the ability to reach various places by recognizing spatial layouts and getting oriented in familiar environments. In addition, the cortical volume of left lateral STG was positively correlated with WM (r=0.36, p=0.029). Then, the correlation between the brain structural abnormalities and WM was further explored in children with ADHD.Ĭompared with the HC children, the children with ADHD showed reduced cortical volumes in the left lateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) (p=6.67×10-6) and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (p=3.88×10-4). Firstly, we compared the cortical morphology features between two groups to identify the potential structural alterations of cortical volume, surface, thickness, and curvature in children with ADHD. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine the characteristics of cortical morphology. The digit span test was used to evaluate WM. In the present study, a total of 36 medication naïve children with ADHD (aged from 8 to 15 years) and 36 age- and gendermatched healthy control (HC) children were included. The present study investigated the cortical morphology features and their relationship with working memory (WM). Results support the notion that DF and DB are differing constructs, as well as highlighting the importance of controlling for cognitive ability in consideration of group differences on behavioral measures.Īttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. When only children with ADHD were considered, DF no longer was a significant predictor. Regression analyses indicated that Full Scale IQ explained significant variance in parent ratings of attention and executive function DF emerged as a significant predictor only for one measure of attention. Once cognitive ability was controlled, no group differences emerged for Digit Span or digits forward notably, the ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive group was able to recall significantly more digits backward than the ADHD-Combined Type group. Clinical groups differed from the No Diagnosis group on cognitive ability as well as achievement. The sample (n=90) included children with no diagnosis and children with a range of clinical problems, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the extent to which digits forward (DF) or digits backward (DB) account for variance in parent ratings of attention and executive function in children.
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